What is deoxynivalenol in wheat?
What is deoxynivalenol in wheat?
Abstract. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of several mycotoxins produced by certain Fusarium species that frequently infect corn, wheat, oats, barley, rice, and other grains in the field or during storage.
Why is it called vomitoxin?
From samples of infected corn they ground, extracted, separated and identified the culprit. They named it vomitoxin, because it caused pigs to, you know, vomit. The trichothecenes share the tricyclic backbone exemplified by vomitoxin on the left. Many of these mycotoxins are produced by the fungal genus Fusarium.
What causes vomitoxin in wheat?
Deoxynivalenol (DON), commonly referred to as vomitoxin, is a mycotoxin that may be produced in wheat and barley grain infected by Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab. FHB may infect grain heads when wet weather occurs during the flowering and grain filling stages of plant development.
Where do mycotoxins come from?
Key facts. Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain moulds (fungi) and can be found in food. The moulds grow on a variety of different crops and foodstuffs including cereals, nuts, spices, dried fruits, apples and coffee beans, often under warm and humid conditions.
What is zearalenone used for?
Zearalenone has been widely used in the United States since 1969 to help cattle grow faster and bigger. Usual dose: No dose has been established. Are there any risks? Zearalenone is a mycoestrogen toxin produced by molds that grow when grain gets wet.
What is deoxynivalenol made from?
Trichothecenes and deoxynivalenol Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a natural-occurring mycotoxin mainly produced by Fusarium graminearum (Kushiro, 2008). Potential impact of DON on human health may occur after ingestion of contaminated foods from oats, barley, wheat, corn or other grains.
What is the concentration of deoxynivalenol in the US?
Deoxynivalenol was found at significantly higher concentrations in all high-incidence areas (range, 0.005-3.9 mg/kg) than in low-incidence areas (range, 0.002-0.7 mg/kg), with mean concentrations of 0.25 vs 0.05 mg/kg, 1.0 vs 0.27 mg/kg, and 0.51 vs 0.18 mg/kg in three areas of comparison.
What is deoxynivalenol-3-beta-D-glucoside (d3g)?
Deoxynivalenol-3-beta-D-glucoside (D3G), a plant phase II metabolite of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), occurs in naturally contaminated wheat, maize, oat, barley and products thereof. Although considered as a detoxification product in plants, the toxicity of this substance in mammals is currently unknown.
What does deoxynivalenol’s Henry’s Law constant indicate?
Deoxynivalenol’s Henry’s Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Deoxynivalenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.8X10-11 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).
